Hoarseness may result from infections (such as upper respiratory tract infections, reflux laryngitis, or chronic laryngitis), congenital structural problems (such as sulcus or web), or benign vocal cord lesions (such as nodules, polyps, or cysts). However, in some cases, precancerous conditions of the vocal cords (such as leukoplakia or erythroplakia), or even laryngeal cancers themselves, may cause hoarseness.
Therefore, in cases of hoarseness lasting longer than 10–14 days, it is strongly recommended to consult an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist.
What Causes Hoarseness?
The vocal cords are among the most trauma-prone structures in the body. During speech, they come into contact with each other on average 100–120 times per second in men and 200–240 times per second in women. For this reason, the vocal cords are actually very delicate structures.
They can be easily affected by factors such as fatigue, lack of sleep, tension, and stress. Environmental factors such as dehydration, staying in dry or air-conditioned environments, and speaking in noisy places can also negatively affect the vocal cords.
The most important step in treating hoarseness is to identify the underlying cause and contributing factors. Addressing these factors is essential for achieving and maintaining a healthy voice.
Treatment of Hoarseness
The treatment of hoarseness varies depending on the cause and the individual. The main methods used are voice rest, establishment of vocal hygiene, voice therapy, medication, and surgical treatment. In many patients, several of these methods need to be used together or sequentially.